Our industry-leading freight team has played a key role in the internationalisation of the Shanghai container freight futures market, the premier trading venue for hedging freight rate risk. BANDS provides access to the electronically-traded INE EC contract as well as the established inter-dealer FFA and container freight futures markets on the SGX and CME.
The Shanghai International Energy Exchange (INE) launched its Containerized Freight Index (Europe Service) Futures in August 2023, aiming to create a reliable benchmark for the Shanghai–North Europe route.
Commonly referred to as CoFIF (Container Freight Index Futures) or by its exchange code, EC, this cash-settled contract is anchored to the Shanghai Shipping Exchange (SSE) Shanghai Export Containerized Freight Index based on Settled Rates (SCFIS).
The index reflects actual rates paid for containers shipped from Shanghai to Hamburg, Rotterdam, Antwerp, Felixstowe, and Le Havre, with prices reported to the SSE after vessel departure.
By linking final settlement prices to real spot market transactions, the contract provides market participants with a transparent, liquid, and efficient hedging tool, directly aligned with the underlying physical freight market.
The Baltic Exchange stands as a leading provider of independent benchmarks for maritime shipping, including the well-known Baltic Dry Index (BDI) and container freight indices.
Forward Freight Agreements (FFA) serve as essential risk management tools, allowing market participants to hedge against fluctuations in freight rates. FFAs based on Baltic Exchange indices are widely used in bulk freight shipping and logistics.
Additionally, in partnership with Freightos, the Baltic Exchange publishes the Freightos Baltic Index (FBX), which tracks spot rates for container shipping across major trade routes.
Both FFA and container freight futures linked to Baltic Exchange indices are actively traded on NYMEX and SGX, providing reliable instruments for managing freight exposure.
The New York Shipping Exchange (NYSHEX) is a digital contracting platform designed to improve reliability and transparency in container shipping. It facilitates enforceable contracts between shippers and carriers, reducing uncertainty in freight movements.
In May 2025, NYSHEX unveiled a new range of freight rate indices in partnership with the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE). These indices are built on actual cargo moving rates and governed with transparent oversight by industry representatives.
With ICE widely expected to introduce futures contracts based on these indices soon, market participants will gain new hedging tools to manage freight rate volatility efficiently.
Liners are naturally long in the physical market, benefiting from higher rates but suffering when rates fall. Thus, if a liner has a 5,000 FEU spot rate exposure in the physical Shanghai-North Europe market in August, they may choose to lock in a rate using the futures market by selling the INE EC August contract. If the spot price falls, the liner will lose money in the physical market, but earn money in the futures market from their short position.
Assuming a current spot rate at USD 4,900 / FEU, the spot capacity sold by the liner is:
5,000 FEU × USD 4,900 / FEU × 7.24 (RMB/USD) = RMB 177,380,000
To hedge, they would then sell:
RMB 177,380,000 / 4,145 (INE EC Aug index pts) / 50 (contract multiplier) = 855.87 lots
If the spot market price then falls to 4,700 in August, the liner will make a loss in the physical market. However, since the futures market settles against the SCFIS spot market index, the INE EC contract will also drop and offset this loss.
May: Spot Market Price: $4900/FEU | Futures Market: Sold 856 lots INE EC Aug at 4145 pts
August: Spot Market Price: $4700/FEU | Futures Market: Bought 856 lots INE EC Aug at 3915 pts
Result: Spot Market: -USD 1,000,000 | Futures Market: +USD 1,359,669
Net Profit/Loss: +USD 359,669
Shippers, in contrast to liners, are naturally short in the physical market, benefiting from lower rates but suffering when rates rise. Thus, if a shipper has a 500 FEU spot rate exposure in the physical Shanghai-North Europe market in August, they may choose to lock in a rate using the futures market by buying the INE EC August contract. If the spot price falls, the shipper will save money in the physical market, but lose money in the futures market from their long position. However, in case rates rise, they will lose money in the physical market while benefiting from their futures market profit.
Assuming a current spot rate at USD 4,900 / FEU, the spot capacity bought by the shipper is:
500 FEU × USD 4,900 / FEU × 7.24 (RMB/USD) = RMB 17,738,000
To hedge, they would then buy:
RMB 17,738,000 / 4,145 (INE EC Aug index pts) / 50 (contract multiplier) = 85.58 lots
If the spot market price then rises to 5,100 in August, the shipper will have to pay more for their cargo in the spot market. However, since the futures market settles against the SCFIS spot market index, the INE EC contract will also rise, offsetting the loss.
May: Spot Market Price: $4900/FEU | Futures Market: Bought 86 lots INE EC Aug at 4145 pts
August: Spot Market Price: $5100/FEU | Futures Market: Sold 86 lots INE EC Aug at 4375 pts
Result: Spot Market: -USD 100,000 | Futures Market: +USD 136,602
Net Profit/Loss: +USD 36,602
Container freight futures were first launched in the early 2000s to provide hedging tools market participants looking to protect themselves against adverse freight rate moves. However, the first attempts at establishing this market failed to gain traction and it was not until August 2023, when the International Energy Exchange in Shanghai launched its new EC contract, that a liquid, regulated and electronically tradeabe container freight futures contract was successfully established.
Any successful container freight futures contract needs to fulfill three requirements to become a useful risk management tool: high liquidity, no counterparty risk and price transparency.
Industry participants like carriers, forwarders or shippers need to be able to reliably hedge large quantities. They also need to be able to get in and out of their positions easily without affecting the market too much. Thus, if the futures market is too small, it becomes impossible to trade the necessary volume without causing wild price swings that would disrupt the entire market and ultimately make any attempt at hedging futile.
The market needs to be properly regulated and safeguarded to ensure that contracts can be enforced and each market participant can be confident that their counterparty won't simply walk away from an unfavourable trade.
Futures exchanges are strictly supervised by market regulators and have a variety of tools in place to compensate market participants in case any traders default on their obligations, including investor protection funds, initial margins and daily price limits. Most importantly, regulated futures markets rely on a centralised clearinghouse to act as the legal counterparty for every buyer and seller and thereby guarantee the performance of all contracts traded on the exchange.
To be useful as hedging tools, prices in the futures market need to reflect the dynamics of the physical market. Unless hedgers can trust the futures market to ultimately converge with the physical market when the contract expires, they will not be able to use it to protect themselves from volatile shipping rates. Settlement prices must therefore be established reliably and objectively.
The Shanghai International Energy Exchange (INE) launched its Containerized Freight Index (Europe Service) futures contract in August 2023 with the intention of overcoming the aforementioned challenges and establish a benchmark contract for the Shanghai - North Europe route. Commonly referred to as CoFIF, short for Container Freight Index Futures, or EC, its official exchange product code, the futures contract is different from its predecessors in several ways.
The CoFIF contract is cash settled against the Shanghai Shipping Exchange (SSE) Shanghai Export Containerized Freight Index based on Settled Rates (SCFIS) Shanghai - North Europe route index. Launched during the Covid-pandemic as shipping rates surged to record levels, the index is based on the actual rates paid for containers exported from Shanghai to Hamburg, Rotterdam, Antwerp, Felixstowe and Le Havre, with settled prices submitted to the SSE after the departure of the vessel.
Thus, the contract's final (settlement) price is determined by the real prices paid in the underlying container freight spot market, avoiding the oft-cited concern by industry participants that the market may be overrun or broken by speculators and linking it tightly to the physical market.
From the day it was launched, the market reception of the new contract was exceptionally strong, with total daily turnover routinely exceeding USD 1bn. The Red Sea crisis then turbocharged interest in CoFIF trading as China - Europe rates rose dramatically following the blockade of the Suez Canal.
This primarily brought new speculative traders into the market, but, given the INE's government-issued mandate to serve the real industry, it quickly took action to rein in excessive speculation by raising margins and reducing daily new open position limits for speculative traders.
Due to the strong regulatory overview it has of the market, the INE was able to distinguish between hedgers and speculators and enact targeted measures to maintain a stable market environment. The immediate result was a drop-off in daily trading volume as speculative trading became more capital-intensive, but the futures market was prevented from drifting too far away from the underlying spot market.
As the market gradually priced in the existing disruptions, the restrictions were loosened and volumes quickly picked up again. The industry-first approach of the Chinese exchanges means they are willing to forego fee income from speculators to maintain an orderly market, and industrial hedgers tend to benefit from reduced initial margin requirements and exemptions from standard position limits to account for their hedging needs.
In addition to these pro-active risk management measures by the exchange, INE market participants are also covered by the China Futures Market Monitoring Centre (CFMMC)-managed Futures Investors Protection Fund in case of defaults by traders or brokers. Thus, with its own centralised clearinghouse to novate all trades and backing from the investor protection fund, the second key challenge - proper regulation and enforcement of contracts - is also addressed by the INE's CoFIF contract.
Based in Hong Kong, BANDS offers clients the ability to trade simultaneously in both the Chinese and international markets from a single account. As arbitragers, hedgers or directional traders, our clients are active on all major international exchanges in Asia, Europe and America.
We provide a trading screen to all clients free of charge, allowing clients to track market prices in real-time and execute orders directly by themselves in all electronically traded markets - no hidden markups, no execution delays.
BANDS offers a wide range of platforms, including Esunny, CQG, and TT. For clients that require custom solutions we also provide API and FIX connectivity, while Esunny supports program trading through its Python integration.